Introduction
Nikah (marriage) in Islam is a sacred contract, not just a social ceremony. It builds families, protects morals, and strengthens society. To ensure justice and blessings, Islam sets clear rules for a valid marriage contract.
Essential Conditions of a Valid Nikah
✅ 1. Proposal and Acceptance (Ijab & Qabool)
There must be a formal offer from one side and acceptance from the other in the same gathering. Both must willingly agree without force.
✅ 2. Presence of Wali (Guardian) for Woman
A woman’s marriage must take place with the approval of her wali (usually father). This protects her interests and ensures a responsible marriage.
✅ 3. Two Muslim Witnesses
Two trustworthy adult Muslim witnesses must be present. Witnesses ensure transparency and prevent secret marriages.
✅ 4. Mahr (Dowry)
Husband must give a gift to the wife, known as mahr. It belongs only to her. It can be:
- Money
- Jewelry
- Property
- Teaching Qur’an/knowledge
- Any valuable gift
Recommended Practices for Nikah
- Khutbah of Nikah (Sunnah sermon)
- Simplicity — avoid showing off
- Public announcement so marriage is known
- Walima (wedding feast) from the groom side
What Invalidates Nikah
- Forced marriage
- No wali for woman (according to majority scholars)
- No witnesses
- Temporary marriage (not allowed in Islam)
- Secret marriage with intention to deny
Rights in Nikah
Rights of Wife
- Mahr
- Financial support
- Respect & good treatment
- Living separately if needed for comfort
- Emotional care
Rights of Husband
- Respect and loyalty
- Cooperation in Islamic household life
- Permission before leaving home (for safety & rights fulfillment)
Conclusion
A valid Nikah protects dignity, rights, and values. It is built on responsibility, trust, and mutual respect. A marriage that follows Sunnah earns Allah’s blessings and leads to peace in family life.